When masters of abstraction run into a concrete wall: Experts failing arithmetic word problems.

Catégorie

Journal Article

Auteurs

Gros, H., Sander, E., Thibaut, J. P.

Année

2019

Titre

When masters of abstraction run into a concrete wall: Experts failing arithmetic word problems.

Journal / Livre / Conférence

Psychonomic bulletin & review

Résumé

Can our knowledge about apples, cars, or smurfs hinder our ability to solve mathematical problems involving these entities? We argue that such daily-life knowledge interferes with arithmetic word problem solving, to the extent that experts can be led to failure in problems involving trivial mathematical notions. We created problems evoking different aspects of our non-mathematical, general knowledge. They were solvable by one single subtraction involving small quantities, such as 14 – 2 = 12. A first experiment studied how university-educated adults dealt with seemingly simple arithmetic problems evoking knowledge that was either congruent or incongruent with the problems’ solving procedure. Results showed that in the latter case, the proportion of participants incorrectly deeming the problems “unsolvable” increased significantly, as did response times for correct answers. A second experiment showed that expert mathematicians were also subject to this bias. These results demonstrate that irrelevant non-mathematical knowledge interferes with the identification of basic, single-step solutions to arithmetic word problems, even among experts who have supposedly mastered abstract, context-independent reasoning.

Issue

5

Volume

26

Pages

1738-1746.

Mots-clés

Encoding effects, Mathematical cognition, Mental models, Semantics

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